Vol 35 Preface PREFACE TO THE FIRST GERMAN EDITION AFTERWORD TO THE SECOND GERMAN EDITION^13 PREFACE TO THE FRENCH EDITION AFTERWORD TO THE FRENCH EDITION PREFACE TO THE THIRD GERMAN EDITION PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION PREFACE TO THE FOURTH GERMAN EDITION Part I COMMODITIES AND MONEY Chapter I COMMODITIES^a SECTION 1.— THE TWO FACTORS OF A COMMODITY: USE VALUE AND VALUE (THE SUBSTANCE OF VALUE AND THE MAGNITUDE OF VALUE) SECTION 2.—THE TWOFOLD CHARACTER OF THE LABOUR EMBODIED IN COMMODITIES SECTION 3.— THE FORM OF VALUE OR EXCHANGE VALUE A. Elementary or Accidental Form of Value /1. The two poles of the expression of value: Relative form and Equivalent form/ /2. The Relative form of value/ /(a.) The nature and import of this form/ /(b.) Quantitative determination of Relative value/ /3. The Equivalent form of value/ /4. The Elementary form of value considered as a whole/ B. Total or Expanded form of value /1. The Expanded Relative form of value/ /2. The particular Equivalent form/ /3. Defects of the Total or Expanded form of value/ C. The General form of value /1. The altered character of the form of value/ /2. The interdependent development of the Relative form of value, and of the Equivalent form/ /3. Transition from the General form of value to the Money form/ D. The Money form SECTION 4.— THE FETISHISM OF COMMODITIES AND THE SECRET THEREOF Chapter II EXCHANGE Chapter III MONEY, OR THE CIRCULATION OF COMMODITIES SECTION 1.— THE MEASURE OF VALUES SECTION 2.— THE MEDIUM OF CIRCULATION /a. The Metamorphosis of Commodities/ /C/—/M. First metamorphosis, or sale/ /M/—/C, or purchase. The second and concluding metamorphosis of a commodity/ /b. The currency^2) of money/ /c. Coin and symbols of value/ SECTION 3.— MONEY /a. Hoarding/ /b. Means of Payment/ /c. Universal Money^a/ Part II THE TRANSFORMATION OF MONEY INTO CAPITAL Chapter IV^136 THE GENERAL FORMULA FOR CAPITAL Chapter V CONTRADICTIONS IN THE GENERAL FORMULA OF CAPITAL Chapter VI THE BUYING AND SELLING OF LABOUR POWER Part III THE PRODUCTION OF ABSOLUTE SURPLUS VALUE Chapter VII THE LABOUR PROCESS AND THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING SURPLUS VALUE^a SECTION 1.— THE LABOUR PROCESS OR THE PRODUCTION OF USE VALUES SECTION 2.— THE PRODUCTION OF SURPLUS VALUE^a Chapter VIII CONSTANT CAPITAL AND VARIABLE CAPITAL Chapter IX THE RATE OF SURPLUS VALUE SECTION 1.— THE DEGREE OF EXPLOITATION OF LABOUR POWER SECTION 2.— THE REPRESENTATION OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE VALUE OF THE PRODUCT BY CORRESPONDING PROPORTIONAL PARTS OF THE PRODUCT ITSELF SECTION 3. — SENIOR’S “LAST HOUR” SECTION 4.— SURPLUS PRODUCE Chapter X THE WORKING DAY SECTION 1.—THE LIMITS OF THE WORKING DAY SECTION 2.— THE GREED FOR SURPLUS LABOUR. MANUFACTURER AND BOYARD SECTION 3.—BRANCHES OF ENGLISH INDUSTRY WITHOUT LEGAL LIMITS TO EXPLOITATION SECTION 4.—DAY AND NIGHT WORK. THE RELAY SYSTEM SECTION 5.—THE STRUGGLE FOR A NORMAL WORKING DAY. COMPULSORY LAWS FOR THE EXTENSION OF THE WORKING DAY FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE 14TH TO THE END OF THE 17TH CENTURY SECTION 6.— THE STRUGGLE FOR THE NORMAL WORKING DAY. COMPULSORY LIMITATION BY LAW OF THE WORKING TIME. THE ENGLISH FACTORY ACTS, 1833 TO 1864 SECTION 7.— THE STRUGGLE FOR THE NORMAL WORKING DAY. REACTION OF THE ENGLISH FACTORY ACTS ON OTHER COUNTRIES Chapter XI RATE AND MASS OF SURPLUS VALUE Part IV PRODUCTION OF RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE Chapter XII THE CONCEPT OF RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE Chapter XIII CO-OPERATION Chapter XIV DIVISION OF LABOUR AND MANUFACTURE SECTION 1.— TWOFOLD ORIGIN OF MANUFACTURE SECTION 2.— THE DETAIL LABOURER AND HIS IMPLEMENTS SECTION 3.—THE TWO FUNDAMENTAL FORMS OF MANUFACTURE: HETEROGENEOUS MANUFACTURE, SERIAL MANUFACTURE SECTION 4.—DIVISION OF LABOUR IN MANUFACTURE, AND DIVISION OF LABOUR IN SOCIETY SECTION 5.— THE CAPITALISTIC CHARACTER OF MANUFACTURE Chapter XV MACHINERY AND MODERN INDUSTRY SECTION 1.—THE DEVELOPMENT OF MACHINERY SECTION 2.— THE VALUE TRANSFERRED BY MACHINERY TO THE PRODUCT SECTION 3.—THE PROXIMATE EFFECTS OF MACHINERY ON THE WORKMAN /a. Appropriation of Supplementary Labour Power by Capital. The Employment of Women and Children/ /b. Prolongation of the Working Day/ /c. Intensification of Labour/ SECTION IV. - THE FACTORY SECTION 5.— THE STRIFE BETWEEN WORKMAN AND MACHINE SECTION 6.— THE THEORY OF COMPENSATION AS REGARDS THE WORKPEOPLE DISPLACED BY MACHINERY SECTION 7.—REPULSION AND ATTRACTION OF WORKPEOPLE BY THE FACTORY SYSTEM. CRISES IN THE COTTON TRADE SECTION 8.— REVOLUTION EFFECTED IN MANUFACTURE, HANDICRAFTS, AND DOMESTIC INDUSTRY BY MODERN INDUSTRY /a. Overthrow of Co-operatton Based do Handicraft and on the Division of Labour/ /b. Reaction of the Factory System on Manufacture and Domestic Industries/ /c. Modern Manufacture/ /d. Modern Domestic Industry/ /e. Passage of Modern Manufacture, and Domestic Industry into Modern Mechanical Industry. The Hastening of This Revolution by the Application of the Factory Acts to Those Industries/ SECTION 9.—THE FACTORY ACTS. SANITARY AND EDUCATIONAL CLAUSES OF THE SAME. THEIR GENERAL EXTENSION IN ENGLAND SECTION 10.— MODERN INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE Part V THE PRODUCTION OF ABSOLUTE AND OF RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE Chapter XVI ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE Chapter XVII CHANGES OF MAGNITUDE IN THE PRICE OF LABOUR POWER AND IN SURPLUS VALUE I. LENGTH OF THE WORKING DAY AND INTENSITY OF LABOUR CONSTANT. PRODUCTIVENESS OF LABOUR VARIABLE II. WORKING DAY CONSTANT. PRODUCTIVENESS OF LABOUR CONSTANT. INTENSITY OF LABOUR VARIABLE III. PRODUCTIVENESS AND INTENSITY OF LABOUR CONSTANT. LENGTH OF THE WORKING DAY VARIABLE IV. SIMULTANEOUS VARIATIONS IN THE DURATION, PRODUCTIVENESS, AND INTENSITY OF LABOUR /(1.) Diminishing productiveness of labour with a simultaneous lengthening of the working day/ /(2.) Increasing intensity and productiveness of labour with simultaneous shortening of the working gay/ Chapter XVIII VARIOUS FORMULAE FOR THE RATE OF SURPLUS VALUE Part VI WAGES Chapter XIX THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE VALUE (AND RESPECTIVELY THE PRICE) OF LABOUR POWER INTO WAGES Chapter XX TIME WAGES Chapter XXI PIECE WAGES Chapter XXII NATIONAL DIFFERENCES OF WAGES Part VII THE ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL Chapter XXIII SIMPLE REPRODUCTION Chapter XXIV CONVERSION OF SURPLUS VALUE INTO CAPITAL SECTION 1.— CAPITALIST PRODUCTION ON A PROGRESSIVELY INCREASING SCALE. TRANSITION OF THE LAWS OF PROPERTY THAT CHARACTERISE PRODUCTION OF COMMODITIES INTO LAWS OF CAPITALIST APPROPRIATION SECTION 2.—ERRONEOUS CONCEPTION, BY POLITICAL ECONOMY, OF REPRODUCTION ON A PROGRESSIVELY INCREASING SCALE SECTION 3.—SEPARATION OF SURPLUS VALUE INTO CAPITAL AND REVENUE. THE ABSTINENCE THEORY SECTION 4.—CIRCUMSTANCES THAT, INDEPENDENTLY OF THE PROPORTIONAL DIVISION OF SURPLUS VALUE INTO CAPITAL AND REVENUE, DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF ACCUMULATION. DEGREE OF EXPLOITATION OF LABOUR POWER. PRODUCTIVITY OF LABOUR. GROWING DIFFERENCE IN AMOUNT BETWEEN CAPITAL EMPLOYED AND CAPITAL CONSUMED. MAGNITUDE OF CAPITAL ADVANCED SECTION 5.— THE SO-CALLED LABOUR FUND Chapter XXV THE GENERAL LAW OF CAPITALIST ACCUMULATION SECTION 1.—THE INCREASED DEMAND FOR LABOUR POWER THAT ACCOMPANIES ACCUMULATION, THE COMPOSITION OF CAPITAL REMAINING THE SAME SECTION 2.—RELATIVE DIMINUTION OF THE VARIABLE PART OF CAPITAL SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH THE PROGRESS OF ACCUMULATION AND OF THE CONCENTRATION THAT ACCOMPANIES IT SECTION 3.— PROGRESSIVE PRODUCTION OF A RELATIVE SURPLUS POPULATION OR INDUSTRIAL RESERVE ARMY SECTION 4—DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE RELATIVE SURPLUS POPULATION. THE GENERAL LAW OF CAPITALISTIC ACCUMULATION SECTION 5.— ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENERAL LAW OF CAPITALIST ACCUMULATION /(a.) England from 1846-1866/ /(b.) The Badly Paid Strata of the British Industrial Class/ /(c.) The Nomad Population/ /(d.) Effect of Crises on the Best Paid Part of the Working Class/ /(e.) The British Agricultural Proletariat/ Part VIII THE SO-CALLED PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION Chapter XXVI THE SECRET OF PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION Chapter XXVII EXPROPRIATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL POPULATION FROM THE LAND Chapter XXVIII BLOODY LEGISLATION AGAINST THE EXPROPRIATED, FROM THE END OF THE 15TH CENTURY. FORCING DOWN OF WAGES BY ACTS OF PARLIAMENT Chapter XXIX GENESIS OF THE CAPITALIST FARMER Chapter XXX REACTION OF THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION ON INDUSTRY. CREATION OF THE HOME MARKET FOR INDUSTRIAL CAPITAL Chapter XXXI GENESIS OF THE INDUSTRIAL CAPITALIST Chapter XXXII HISTORICAL TENDENCY OF CAPITALIST ACCUMULATION Chapter XXXIII THE MODERN THEORY OF COLONISATION^2) NOTES AND INDEXES